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Ask Our Experts > Green Homes

There are several good alternatives to fiberglass insulation if you want a “green” product to insulate the addition. 

Insulation made from recycled denim is treated with a fire retardant. It’s not made of used fabric but scraps from the manufacturing process. In general, growing cotton is tough on the environment because of the heavy use of pesticides, so this may not be the best option, although it’s a good use of otherwise wasted material. 

Wool insulation provides an option that is natural and renewable. Although wool is flame resistant naturally, it is subject to insect damage. So the insulation is usually treated with boron to deter insects. But boron is a naturally occurring element and not known to be carcinogenic. 

Cellulose insulation is probably your best bet. It’s made from 80% recycled newspaper, and the chemicals that hold it together do not use formaldehyde. Fire-retardant chemicals are also necessary to make the product safe. R-values of fiberglass, wool cellulose are similar, but can vary significantly based on a number of factors. Cellulose insulation is more affordable than wool insulation, too. 

Don’t overlook Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs) as an option for building the new addition. SIPs are basically slabs of polystyrene sandwiched between two sheets of oriented strand board (OSB). Because the polystyrene allows very little air to pass through the walls, they produce a super-insulated structure.

— Troy Griepentrog, associate editor 

10 Comments

  • Mark 9/7/2008 8:22:50 PM

    Polyurethane foam is not what I would call green. It off gases, most contain Penta or Deca BDE's as fire retardants,( which are banned in Europe) and urethane foam burns and the smoke is toxic. HMM..why would you want to put that in your home, just because the R-value is a bit better. Not me. Check the MSDS sheets on all these products, they all contain some pretty nasty chemicals. One product that you won't likely be able to find an MSDS sheet online is Retrofoam, I have one from the US Dept of Labour,and guess what it shows formeldahyde as an ingredient. I have researched this alot. The only true green foam insulation on the market right now is Airkrete. MSDS sheet is available, and its all inorganic, no off gassing and no formelahyde or other nasty chemicals as in the other stuff.

  • Charles Jamieson 6/30/2008 8:50:17 AM

    In addition to saving energy, "green" means being both healthy to humans and the environment. Someday taking care of personal health and environmental health will be understood as one and the same. I think most Mother Earth News readers understand this already. You have to be careful of eurethanes and plastics as they may off-gas pthalates and other chemicals which are very disruptive to the human hormone systems especially for males. Are they biodegradeable? If they are not biodegradeable then are they recyclable? Our homes won't be around forever and we shouldn't be leaving expensive toxic disasters for future generations to clean up. There is an company here in Michigan called Retrofoam that claims their product is nontoxic and produces no offgassing or fumes. It looks impressive. I am considering their product for my walls and I believe it would be a good option for an old house with lots of gaps and crevices.

    I have a followup to the attic insulation job I completed last winter using the formaldehyde free fiberglass. Now that it is summer I have to say I am experiencing the most noticeable differences. The house remains very cool throughout the day that I do not need to use my airconditioner much anymore. The 12000 btu window A/C I have is too large and cools the 1750sq ft on slab house too rapidly. One might think that is great, however, it doesn't have time to remove the humidity! As a side note using a window AC and a box fan to circulate the air seems to be far more efficient than what people pay for central a/c. I have to get a smaller one that removes the humidity better. I am actually looking forward to the 90 degree days just so I can dry things up.

  • Conrad Wainright 4/22/2008 11:41:29 PM

    I have built and designed many homes..see
    www.heiningerbuildingdesign.com, Recently, I have been
    building-hands on a small house for myself with the ARXX system...
    one of the foam block concrete block systems R-50, and then in
    framed areas installed sheets which I ordered to my
    specifictions...size and thickness. Foam may not be green, but the
    resulting house certainly is..See unfinished pictures at the end of
    Design 4 of the website. Very tight, incredibly strong, no
    vibration when the wind blows sixty. A great building system, as
    long as the design does not get too complicated. Also for more
    check out my blog www.savethehoney.blogspot.com

  • Patrick Buchanan 4/2/2008 11:21:58 PM

    Closed cell spray polyurethane foam is revolutioniving the way
    homes and attics are insulated. Closed cell foam has the highest
    r-values, is an air barrier and a vapor retarder. Condensation
    comes from warm-moist air "reaching" a cool surface. If the
    moisture laden air can not reach the cool surface, condensation
    will not form. Ventilation is required in homes that are insulated
    with closed cell spray foam because the envelope of the house will
    be tighter that a typical house and not have the energy zapping air
    leaks.

  • Chris Thomason 3/27/2008 12:13:20 PM

    I have seen alot of info about using spray polyurethane in walls
    and under flooring, but is this material also suitable for attics?
    I seem to find conflicting information about condensation etc?
    Thanks

  • alexander.ihlo 3/26/2008 10:15:39 PM

    get off ur lazy buts and straw bale it!

  • Patrick Buchanan 3/7/2008 10:23:35 PM

    What is "Green" insulation? Insulation, by definition, is a
    energy saving product and intrinsically "green". There are
    insulations that have higher recycled content but don't insulate
    well and there are insulations that are petro based and are
    superior insulators. I have to think that the first step is to
    insulate correctly and with the most energy saving material. Hands
    down that product is a EPA approved closed cell polyurethane foam
    insulation. This product has the highest R-value, air and vapor
    barrier qualifications and is always a custom fit. I have to
    disagree that water blown open celled polyurethane foam is the
    "greenest". The R-values are no better than any other fiberous
    material because they all use air as the insulator. Plus, the water
    blown polyurethane foam produces wasted material. This is the ONLY
    insulation that I have ever seen that has excess that can not be
    reused.

  • suz coleman 3/1/2008 5:21:23 PM

    I have a 2-story (plus semi-finished attic) c. 1900 victorian
    that sits up on brick pillars with a crawlspace underneath. The
    first floor wood floors are freezing cold in the winter. Would the
    formaldehyde free white insulation be the best choice?

  • Charles Jamieson 2/11/2008 5:32:08 PM

    Well I have just completed insulating my attic after a two year
    period of researching and heming and hawing. Here is the bottom
    line of what I have found. Sheep wool: The greenest insulation
    without a doubt is sheep wool insulation. It is not subject to
    pests as it is treated with the natural boron. It is naturally
    flame retardant and has been used for centuries as hearth rugs to
    prevent cinders from burning flooring. It also keeps its R value
    when wet. It is very luxurious stuff and without a doubt will give
    you the warmest house. However it is expensive about 4 times the
    cost of fiberglass. I wish I could have afforded to use it. Blown
    in cellulose. It sounds like a good idea but there is a problem
    with it. It causes a lot of dust in the homes of people who have
    used it. Having to be blown in it can create quite a mess in the
    attic. What if you have any new wiring or cabling projects in the
    future? How are you going to wade through all that mess? It may be
    a good idea if it is sprayed in wet into wall cavities as that way
    it can fill up cramped spaces and will stay put. It costs a little
    less than the generic pink fiberglass. Recycled denim: This would
    be good if it was easy to obtain. It is also one of the more
    expensive options. Not as expensive as wool but about half as so.
    The insulation I went with: I ended up going with Formaldehyde free
    fiberglass insulation. Aka the white stuff. Here were my reasons.
    1. It has no formaldehyde so it is not toxic. 2. It is made of long
    strand fibers and so is bonded very tightly, is far more resilient
    than the pink crap and is much less likely to release fiber
    particles into the air. It was very easy to handle and doesn't
    collapse like the pink stuff. In fact it was very tightly packed
    and when opened it expanded rapidly and volumnously. Although, I
    still used gloves even though it was soft to the touch compared to
    the formaldehyde stuff. 3. It was made from 25% post consumer
    recycled glass.

  • Teshia 2/8/2008 7:21:17 PM

    Actually, water-blown, polyurethane spray foam insulation, in my
    opinion, is the "greenest" insulation. It is FAR SUPERIOR than
    cellulose or any of the other insulations on the market. It reduces
    your energy costs by up to 50%, and does not contain any
    ozone-depleting chemicals/gasses.

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